MySQL IN和NOT IN用法详解

MySQL 中的 IN 运算符用来判断表达式的值是否位于给出的列表中;如果是,返回值为 1,否则返回值为 0。

NOT IN 的作用和 IN 恰好相反,NOT IN 用来判断表达式的值是否不存在于给出的列表中;如果不是,返回值为 1,否则返回值为 0。

IN 和 NOT IN 的语法格式如下:

expr IN ( value1, value2, value3 ... valueN )
expr NOT IN ( value1, value2, value3 ... valueN )

expr 表示要判断的表达式,value1, value2, value3 ... valueN 表示列表中的值。MySQL 会将 expr 的值和列表中的值逐一对比。

【实例1】在 SQL 语句中使用 IN 和 NOT IN 运算符:
mysql> SELECT 2 IN (1,3,5,'thks'),'thks' IN (1,3,5, 'thks');
+---------------------+---------------------------+
| 2 IN (1,3,5,'thks') | 'thks' IN (1,3,5, 'thks') |
+---------------------+---------------------------+
|                   0 |                         1 |
+---------------------+---------------------------+
1 row in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT 2 NOT IN (1,3,5,'thks'),'thks' NOT IN (1,3,5, 'thks');
+-------------------------+-------------------------------+
| 2 NOT IN (1,3,5,'thks') | 'thks' NOT IN (1,3,5, 'thks') |
+-------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                       1 |                             0 |
+-------------------------+-------------------------------+
1 row in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
由结果可以看到,IN 和 NOT IN 的返回值正好相反。

对空值 NULL 的处理

当 IN 运算符的两侧有一个为空值 NULL 时,如果找不到匹配项,则返回值为 NULL;如果找到了匹配项,则返回值为 1。

请看下面的 SQL 语句如下:
mysql> SELECT NULL IN (1,3,5,'thks'),10 IN (1,3,NULL,'thks');
+------------------------+-------------------------+
| NULL IN (1,3,5,'thks') | 10 IN (1,3,NULL,'thks') |
+------------------------+-------------------------+
|                   NULL |                    NULL |
+------------------------+-------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>  SELECT NULL IN (1,3,5,'thks'),10 IN (1,10,NULL,'thks');
+------------------------+--------------------------+
| NULL IN (1,3,5,'thks') | 10 IN (1,10,NULL,'thks') |
+------------------------+--------------------------+
|                   NULL |                        1 |
+------------------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

NOT IN 恰好相反,当 NOT IN 运算符的两侧有一个为空值 NULL 时,如果找不到匹配项,则返回值为 NULL;如果找到了匹配项,则返回值为 0。

请看下面的 SQL 语句如下:
mysql>  SELECT NULL NOT IN (1,3,5,'thks'),10 NOT IN (1,0,NULL,'thks');
+----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| NULL NOT IN (1,3,5,'thks') | 10 NOT IN (1,0,NULL,'thks') |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|                       NULL |                        NULL |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>  SELECT NULL NOT IN (1,3,5,'thks'),10 NOT IN (1,10,NULL,'thks');
+----------------------------+------------------------------+
| NULL NOT IN (1,3,5,'thks') | 10 NOT IN (1,10,NULL,'thks') |
+----------------------------+------------------------------+
|                       NULL |                            0 |
+----------------------------+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)