Python set集合方法详解（全）

前面学习了 set 集合，本节来一一学习 set 类型提供的方法。首先，通过 dir(set) 命令可以查看它有哪些方法：

>>> dir(set)
['add', 'clear', 'copy', 'difference', 'difference_update', 'discard', 'intersection', 'intersection_update', 'isdisjoint', 'issubset', 'issuperset', 'pop', 'remove', 'symmetric_difference', 'symmetric_difference_update', 'union', 'update']

各个方法的具体语法结构及功能如表 1 所示。

表 1 Python set方法

方法名	语法格式	功能	实例
add()	set1.add()	向 set1 集合中添加数字、字符串、元组或者布尔类型	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set1.add((1,2)) >>> set1 {(1, 2), 1, 2, 3}
clear()	set1.clear()	清空 set1 集合中所有元素	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set1.clear() >>> set1 set() set()才表示空集合，{}表示的是空字典
copy()	set2 = set1.copy()	拷贝 set1 集合给 set2	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = set1.copy() >>> set1.add(4) >>> set1 {1, 2, 3, 4} >>> set1 {1, 2, 3}
difference()	set3 = set1.difference(set2)	将 set1 中有而 set2 没有的元素给 set3	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {3,4} >>> set3 = set1.difference(set2) >>> set3 {1, 2}
difference_update()	set1.difference_update(set2)	从 set1 中删除与 set2 相同的元素	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {3,4} >>> set1.difference_update(set2) >>> set1 {1, 2}
discard()	set1.discard(elem)	删除 set1 中的 elem 元素	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set1.discard(2) >>> set1 {1, 3} >>> set1.discard(4) {1, 3}
intersection()	set3 = set1.intersection(set2)	取 set1 和 set2 的交集给 set3	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {3,4} >>> set3 = set1.intersection(set2) >>> set3 {3}
intersection_update()	set1.intersection_update(set2)	取 set1和 set2 的交集，并更新给 set1	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {3,4} >>> set1.intersection_update(set2) >>> set1 {3}
isdisjoint()	set1.isdisjoint(set2)	判断 set1 和 set2 是否没有交集，有交集返回 False；没有交集返回 True	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {3,4} >>> set1.isdisjoint(set2) False
issubset()	set1.issubset(set2)	判断 set1 是否是 set2 的子集	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {1,2} >>> set1.issubset(set2) False
issuperset()	set1.issuperset(set2)	判断 set2 是否是 set1 的子集	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {1,2} >>> set1.issuperset(set2) True
pop()	a = set1.pop()	取 set1 中一个元素，并赋值给 a	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> a = set1.pop() >>> set1 {2,3} >>> a 1
remove()	set1.remove(elem)	移除 set1 中的 elem 元素	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set1.remove(2) >>> set1 {1, 3} >>> set1.remove(4) Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#90>", line 1, in <module>     set1.remove(4) KeyError: 4
symmetric_difference()	set3 = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)	取 set1 和 set2 中互不相同的元素，给 set3	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {3,4} >>> set3 = set1.symmetric_difference(set2) >>> set3 {1, 2, 4}
symmetric_difference_update()	set1.symmetric_difference_update(set2)	取 set1 和 set2 中互不相同的元素，并更新给 set1	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {3,4} >>> set1.symmetric_difference_update(set2) >>> set1 {1, 2, 4}
union()	set3 = set1.union(set2)	取 set1 和 set2 的并集，赋给 set3	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set2 = {3,4} >>> set3=set1.union(set2) >>> set3 {1, 2, 3, 4}
update()	set1.update(elem)	添加列表或集合中的元素到 set1	>>> set1 = {1,2,3} >>> set1.update([3,4]) >>> set1 {1,2,3,4}